Lung Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, And Early Diagnosis

Lung Cancer :

 Lung cancer, which starts in the lungs, is a type of cancer. The function of the lungs is to take oxygen at inhalation and to release carbon dioxide at the exhalation. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the The World. The number of people dying of lung cancer is higher than that of colon cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. It is worth noting that people who smoke are at higher risk of developing lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer increases with the length of smoking, The number of cigarettes smoked, and here it should be noted that lung cancer can also occur when people who have never smoked.

Symptoms of lung cancer :

It is worth mentioning that the symptoms of lung cancer do not appear in the person until the condition to the advanced stage of the disease, but some people may notice the emergence of some symptoms, without paying attention to the possibility of lung cancer, as they may think it is linked to less disease Risk, and in general can be the most prominent symptoms that appear on lung cancer patient as follows:

• Anorexia. Sound change; some people suffer from a flat voice.

• Chest infection with some infections and frequent, such as: bronchitis and pneumonia. 

• Coughing, which worsens over time, and in some cases cough may be accompanied by blood.

• Hard breathing.

• Uncontrolled headache.

• Weight loss.

• The sound of whistling when breathing.

• Feeling severe pain in the chest or bones.

Types of Lung Cancer :

Cancer that starts in the lungs. Cancer that spreads to the lungs from another place in the body is called secondary lung cancer. Two major types of lung cancer And are classified according to the type of cells in which the cancer begins. The following is a list of the types of primary lung cancer:

1. Non-small cell lung cancer is more common, affecting about 80% of all cases.
2. Small-cell lung cancer: This type usually spreads faster than non-small cell lung cancer.

Stages of lung cancer :

 It should be noted that the chance of success of treatment and recovery is much higher when the diagnosis of lung cancer and start treatment in the early stages before it spreads; as noted earlier does not appear symptoms of lung cancer clearly in the early stages, and often comes diagnosis in advanced stages after the spread, The stages of development of lung cancer in two types:
Stages of non-small cell carcinoma The stages of non-small cell lung cancer are divided into four main stages, which are described as follows:

• Stage 1: Cancer in the lung but has not spread to the outside yet.

• Stage 2: Cancer in the lung and nearby lymph nodes.

• Stage 3: Cancer in the lung and lymph nodes located in the middle of the chest.

• Stage 3a: Cancer in the lymph nodes located only on the same side of the chest, where cancer began to grow for the first time.

• Stage 3b: Cancer spreads to the lymph nodes located on the other side of the chest, as well as to the lymph nodes located on the top of the collarbone.

• Stage 4: Cancer spreads to both lungs, as well as to the area around the lungs, and distant organs.

Stages of small cell carcinoma :

The following are the stages of small cell lung cancer, which is divided into two main stages:

• Stage III: Cancer is in one lung, and in nearby lymph nodes located on the same side of the chest.

• Wide Stage: Cancer spreads throughout the lung, to the other lung, as well as to the lymph nodes on the other side, to the fluid surrounding the lungs, as well as bone marrow, and distant organs.

Prevention of lung cancer:

Half of the people who develop lung cancer at this time are smokers for years. Here are some tips to help prevent lung cancer:

• Quitting Smoking Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and accounts for about 80-90% of lung cancers.

• Avoid passive smoking: Living with a smoker increases the risk of lung cancer by 20-30%, so avoid staying in the smoking area or near smokers.

• Exercise: Moderate exercise is recommended, as sports can help prevent lung cancer.

• Eating vegetables and fruits: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables, such as spinach, broccoli, onions, apples, tomatoes, oranges, and winter squash, helps reduce the risk of lung cancer. On the other hand, inorganic and inorganic cheeses The risk of lung cancer.

• Green tea: Studies have shown that eating green tea prevents some damage caused by smoking cells and people who consume a lot of green tea less risk of lung cancer.

• Staying away from alcohol: Going away from alcohol is a very important step in preventing lung cancer.

• Eat supplements carefully: It is advised not to follow commercials that promote supplements that may reduce the risk of lung cancer, and instead prefer to talk to your doctor about the best nutritional supplements that suit each person and his specific condition.

What are The Symptoms and Signs of Stomach Cancer?

Stomach Cancer :

The food moves after chewing and swallowing it into the esophagus, which represents the tube that carries food from the mouth through the throat and chest to the stomach. The stomach is a bag of food, and this sac secretes a digestive juice to help digest food before moving to the duodenum, The first part of the small intestine. It can be said that the body suffers from cancer when it loses its ability to control the growth of certain cells in it, and that stomach cancer (in English: Stomach cancer) indicates the loss of the body control the growth of stomach cells, and in fact does not appear stomach cancer suddenly, but it begins to occur Changes in the lining of the stomach, and often do not show at these stages any symptoms and signs, which makes these changes continue to occur and may develop into cancer, and it is worth mentioning that stomach cancer may arise in any part of the stomach, and the difference in which arises in which different symptoms and how to progress disease , And treatment.

Symptoms of stomach cancer:

In fact, one out of every five cases of stomach cancer detected in the early stages in the United States, due to the absence of symptoms and signs in the early stages of the disease, but in the advanced stages often appear on the infected group of symptoms and signs, That these symptoms may be similar to the symptoms of other diseases, these symptoms are often indications of infection of the stomach ulcers or viruses, and these symptoms and signs as follows:

•  Anemia, which is a reduction in the number of red blood cells.
•  The appearance of blood in the stool.
•  Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen causing swelling.
•  Feeling tired and tired.
•  Jaundice.
•  Nausea.
•  Vomiting whether it is accompanied by blood or not.
•  Loss of appetite resulting in unintended weight loss.
•  The feeling of abdominal pain, or stomach pain worsens after eating.
•  Feel fullness at the top of the abdomen after eating small amounts of food.
•  Suffering from heartburn and indigestion.

Risk factors for stomach cancer:

There are a number of factors and conditions that make a person more susceptible to stomach cancer, including the following:

• Lymphoma.
• Suffering from Helicobacter pylori, which is known to be a bacterial infection that causes gastric ulcers.
•  The presence of tumors in other parts of the digestive system.
•  Stomach polyps, known as the growth of excess tissue in the lining of the stomach.
•  The risk of stomach cancer increases when you are over 50.
•  As men are more likely to develop stomach cancer. Smoking increases the risk of stomach cancer among smokers.
• Having a family history of stomach cancer.
• Race, as Asians and some people from other races are more likely to develop stomach cancer.
•  Eat plenty of salty foods and treatment.
•  Eating too much meat.
•  There is a history of drinking alcohol.
•  Do not exercise.
•  Do not store food or cook well.

Cure Stomach Cancer :

The treatment of stomach cancer depends on the general health of the patient, the stage of cancer, as well as the patient's desire and preference, and possible therapeutic options include the following:

• Surgical treatment: Surgery in the case of stomach cancer is aimed at eradicating cancer and a part of the healthy tissue if necessary. The complications associated with surgery include infection and hemorrhage. Possible surgical options include:

• Endoscopic mucosal resection. This procedure is performed if stomach cancer is confined to the abdomen.

• A part of the stomach is removed, and in this process, the doctor removes the cancer-affected part only.

• Total gastrectomy. In this surgery, the doctor is removed completely and in addition to some surrounding tissue. After this procedure, the esophagus is connected to the intestines to allow the food to complete its journey in the digestive system.

• Lymph Nodes in the abdomen to detect the presence of cancer.

• Surgery in order to alleviate symptoms and signs, and in this type of treatment is removed part of the stomach, not to cure the disease, as the cancer is very advanced in this case, but to reduce the discomfort of the patient and his suffering.

• Chemotherapy: In this type of treatment, chemicals are used to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used in cases where the cancer has reached a very advanced stage in order to reduce its symptoms and signs. On the other hand, it can be used before surgery to reduce the volume Tumor, or after surgery to kill the remainder of the tumor. Chemotherapy is often used alongside radiotherapy. The side effects of this type of treatment depend on the type of medication used.

• Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is based on the principle of using ultra-high-ray radiation, such as X-ray or protons, to kill cancer cells. This type of treatment can be used before or after surgery The principle of chemotherapy, can be used in advanced cases as well, and the side effects of the use of diarrhea, indigestion, nausea and vomiting.

What cancer kills the most in the US?

Colon Cancer :

 Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death among the various cancers in the United States and appears as a tumor in the large intestine, which represents the part responsible for extracting water and salt from solid waste in the human body before it travels through the rectum and exits the hole The doctors recommend people over the age of 50 years to perform a periodic examination to detect this type of cancer, as the symptoms may appear only in the advanced stages of the disease, and may suffer many people from colorectal cancer al cancer) together.

Causes and risk factors for colon cancer :

In fact, doctors have not been able to determine the exact cause of the occurrence or development of this type of cancer, but there are many factors that increase the risk of colon cancer, including the following:

• There is a family history of colon cancer. The risk of this type of cancer doubles to two or three times that of a first-degree relative with colon cancer.
• Breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer, whether earlier or present.
• Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
•  Obesity.
•  Smoking.
•  Take certain medications.
•  Estrogen replacement therapy prescribed for postmenopausal women contributes to a one-third reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer.
• Although there is not enough evidence of the effect of diet on reducing or increasing the risk of colon cancer, it is believed that a diet that contains large amounts of fiber, such as in vegetables and fruits, and low amounts of fat has the role of prevention of Colon cancer, and eating red meat or processed meat products has a role in increasing.
• The risk of colon cancer increases in people over the age of 60 years.
• Ethnicity.
• The risk of colorectal cancer increases among people of Eastern European origin as well as among African Americans.
• Infection with certain genetic diseases, especially Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.

Symptoms of colon cancer :

 The symptoms of colorectal cancer do not appear in the early stages of the disease. Symptoms may vary depending on the part of the colon in which the tumor appears. In fact, there are no specific signs or symptoms of colon cancer. The symptoms may indicate other problems. Which may accompany colorectal cancer are as follows:

•  Anal bleeding or the appearance of blood in the stool.

•  The appearance of stool in dark color.

•  Changes in bowel habits.

•  Change in stool strength.

•  Anemia.

•  Constipation or feeling of not emptying the contents of the entire intestine.

•  Diarrhea.

•  Abdominal disorders, appearing in the form of pain, discomfort, colic, or bloating.

•  Weight loss.

•  Anorexia.

•  Feeling tired or weak.

•  Nausea or vomiting.

•  hard breathing.

Diagnosis of colon cancer :

A series of tests are carried out to diagnose colon cancer and determine the stage of the disease.
CT scan:

• This scan uses X-rays, which are highly sensitive to identify new or recurrent tumors within the body.

• Positron Emission Tomography (Positron Emission Tomography): This imaging relies on the use of specific types of pigments, which can detect most of the cancer cells that spread outside the colon.

• Cancer antigen assay (CEA): The high level of cancerous antigen in the blood indicates cancerous tumors. This is done in conjunction with other tests, as it can not be relied upon alone in diagnosis. 

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging This imaging is done to obtain images of organs and structures within the body. It also helps to determine if the tumor has spread through the rectal wall and has reached the surrounding structures.

• Ultrasound imaging by ultrasound: This examination is carried out to detect the spread of tumors to the liver, gall bladder, pancreas, or any other member of the abdomen. 

Treatment of colorectal cancer :

After the diagnosis of the patient's cancer of the colon, the appropriate treatment plan is developed based on the stage of cancer. It should be noted that the precise stage of colon cancer is only after the patient is often subjected to surgery.
The following are the treatments used to control cancer Colon:

• Surgical treatment: Determines the appropriate surgical method for the patient by the doctor depending on his condition, as the patient undergo surgery to remove the tumor and lymph nodes, this enables the full treatment of the disease. 

• Other treatments: The patient may undergo colorectal cancer for chemotherapy before or after surgery, and may resort to radiotherapy in some cases, but this is rare.

What are The Serious Symptoms of Lymphoma Cancer ??

Lymph nodes :

 Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which are clusters of specialized tissues that form a group of lymphocytes that filter lymphocytes from microbes before they return to the blood. They maintain fluid balance in the body and are present throughout the body except the central nervous system.

Cancer of the lymph nodes :

 In lymphoma, lymphocytes become carcinogenic, resulting in abnormal growth in them and in the tissues of the glands. These glands are enlarged throughout the body and appear clear in the armpit and neck. They are solid and painless. Cancer is confined to the lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues, and spreads only in rare cases. The cancer of the glands is divided into two main parts, namely Hodgkin's lymphoma, 10% of lymphoma and 90% of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Symptoms Of Lymphatic Cancer Main Symptoms:

 The signs and symptoms of the disease at the beginning are very similar to the symptoms of simple diseases, such as viral infections and colds, so this causes delay diagnosis of the disease, and the difference between these diseases disappear symptoms after a short period, and the cancer of the glands lasts longer, and symptoms of this cancer in total is a bloating Painless lymph nodes, usually more pronounced in the neck and under the armpit where the glands are concentrated in those areas, in addition to the emergence of these bulges in the abdomen and the area of ​​the origin of the thigh, as well as the patient may not feel any swelling in his body. There are some other symptoms that a patient may suffer:

• Weight loss significantly more than 10% within a few months does not exceed six months without any type of diet, and weakness in appetite.

• General weakness in the body, lack of energy.

• High fever, evening sweats accompanied by tremors, fever, headache.

• Itchy skin due to the growth of lymphocytes, whose growth interferes with skin cells, and their toxins mixed with skin dirt causing itching.

• Dry skin abnormally.

• Difficulty swallowing due to enlarged tonsils.

• Difficulty breathing and coughing.

• Inflammation of the lymph glands inside the abdomen leads to pains in the abdomen, back, and feet, and the weakness of the surrounding muscles in these parts.

• Swelling and swelling of the foot and ankle.

• Frequent infection due to loss of immune system effectiveness, which helps spread of germs and viruses dangerous.

 Sub-symptoms:

 There are other sub-symptoms that may affect the patient due to the spread of the disease and enlarged glands significantly:

• Different neurological symptoms, such as neuropathy, which results in weak tactility, due to swelling of the gland and pressure on the course of the nerve.

• Inflammation of the spleen, liver, abdominal pain associated with vomiting, and intestinal obstruction.

• Testicular hypertrophy.

• Jaundice.

• Skin sores and rash after the disease spread in the skin cells.

• Vasculitis throughout the body, anemia, and lack of platelets.

 The difference between Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is similar to the two types of cancers, but there are significant differences between them:

1. Based on age, Hodgkin's lymphoma is a condition that occurs frequently in the 15-35 age group. Non-Hodgkin's can occur at any age, but it increases in the elderly, especially after age 60.
2. According to the common: Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare form of lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's is the most common.
3. Diffusion: Hodgkin's lymphoma affects a specific group of glands in a specific area, moving from gland to adjoining gland in an orderly fashion. Non-Hodgkin's lymphocytes are more prevalent within the body, randomly.
4. Based on microscopic examination: the presence of Red Sternberg cells from the biopsy from the lymph node is definitive evidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Causes Of Lymphoma Cancer :

The causes of lymphoma are still unclear so far despite the development of science, but scientists have identified several factors that are influential and exciting to the occurrence of the disease, including:

• Genetic factor.

• Age increases, especially those over 60.

• Males are more susceptible to infection.

• Weak immune system; due to AIDS, organ transplantation.

• Viral infections, such as hepatitis C, and the Epstein-Barr virus. Exposure to chemicals, insecticides.

• Radiation therapy for cancer diseases.

• Overweight.

Diagnosis and Treatment :

As mentioned previously, the swelling of the glands may be due to benign diseases, so the final diagnosis of this disease depends only on the biopsy of the glands glands, while the diagnosis of the disease, the doctor requests the patient to conduct physical tests, including monitoring and examination of lymph nodes and sizes in Neck, groin and armpit areas, as well as laboratory blood tests, bone marrow tests, and a range of procedures:
 X-ray, CT and MRI to determine the degree of disease and its effects.

The treatment is based on the type of cancer, its severity and prevalence, but the main treatment is radiation therapy in addition to chemotherapy, and surgical treatment of lymphoma in some cases, but chemotherapy has a more positive effect than surgery, and the disadvantages of tumor eradication that can not be completely removed , Where the opportunity to return again exists, and it is also possible to use modern immunotherapy.

Deadly Cancers: The 4 Most Fatal Types of Cancer In The World

Cancer :

Cancer is a large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and the proliferation of abnormal cells, tumors are the growth of new cells of tissues that do not serve any physiological function in the human body, and may be cancerous and benign, and is detected by laboratory tests Or biopsies.

The most dangerous types of cancer :

Cancer derived from epithelial cells: This group contains many of the most common cancers, especially in the elderly, and includes what affects all of the cells developing in the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas and colon.

• Sarcoma: Cancer is caused by connective tissue such as: bone, cartilage, fat, and nerve cells, each developing by cells that originate in the cells outside the bone marrow.

• Cancer of the lymph nodes and leukemia: These two layers of cancer arise from the blood components (blood forming cells), which are cells that emerge from the bone marrow and tend to mature in the lymph nodes and blood respectively, and leukemia is the most common type in children, About 30%.

• Bacterial cancer cells: a cancer derived from stimulating cells, often spread in the testicle or ovaries (sperm and uterine tumors, respectively).

• Arteroma: It is produced by immature cells or embryonic tissues, and these aromatic tumors are more common in children than in older adults.

Symptoms of cancer :

Symptoms of cancer vary from case to case, according to the member with the disease, and there are general symptoms attributed to this disease, and include:

• Fatigue and pain.

• High temperature.

• The emergence of many bulges in different places of the body, or the presence of concrete blocks in some different parts.

• Increase or decrease the body very quickly.

• Internal or external changes in the body, such as changes in metabolic processes, or in the skin such as appearance of spots or discoloration.

Treatment of cancer :

 Cancer is given many treatments, classified in three types:

• Radiation therapy.
• Chemotherapy.
• Surgical treatment.
• Hormonal therapy.

Cancer prevention :

 To protect against cancer, its development, or infection, attention must be paid to, inter alia:

1. Ensure periodic and regular examinations.
2. Avoid smoking, because it contains many carcinogens.
3. Avoid exposure to harmful rays, such as UV rays and nuclear radiation.
4. Maintain the general health of the body, from food, exercise to sports activities, to maintain weight.

Is Skin Cancer Dangerous? May lead to human death?

skin cancer :

Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous and widespread cancers, with about 40% of all people living with cancer. This type affects skin cells, and all people are susceptible to infection of all races and colors, but light skin owners are the most vulnerable to infection .
 Skin cancer can be defined as an abnormal reproduction of skin cells and is more likely to spread in areas exposed to sunlight such as the face, hands, chest, neck, etc., but can develop into other areas of the body, such as shoulders, Genital.

Causes of Skin Cancer :

•  Smoking.

•  Chronic skin lesions.

•  Exposure to various radiations, such as UV rays used in nailing skin color.

•  The use of certain immunosuppressive drugs, such as post-transplantation drugs.

•  Exposure to ultraviolet sun.

•  HPV infection, a papillomavirus.

•  The presence of a genetic syndrome, such as melaninosis that appears from birth or after six months.

Symptoms of skin cancer :

• Points appear darker than normal skin color in the form of pads or moles.

• The appearance of red or pink pores on the skin.

• The appearance of gaps on the skin as if the skin is thin.

• Change the size of the moles and their unequal aspects.

• The feeling of continuous itching.

• Skin ulcers occur about three months after the disease.

• Exfoliation of skin ulcers.

• The appearance of skin on the skin.

• Feeling pain in moles.

Types of skin cancer :

Basal cell carcinoma This cancer is called the epithelial tumor. This is the most common type. The main cause of the cancer is direct exposure to the sun for long periods or the use of certain types of drugs, especially used to treat acne such as X-rays.

 This type of cancer results from the presence of a former skin cancer called adenocarcinoma, and affects the owners of light skin, in addition to people who are exposed to the sun for long periods, which affects men more than women, called squamous cell; because it affects the body's squamous cells such as corridors Gastrointestinal and internal organs lining.

 Tumor cell carcinoma This type of cancer is the most serious cancers in the body, it kills a large number of people annually, and affects the skin cell, which makes the skin color, so that swelling, and thus become difficult to control, and affects this type of different areas of the body as an eye And lower back.

One of the most dangerous cancers ever has a cure??

Blood cancer :

Blood cancer is one of the most common types of human cancers, and the most common, and some sources indicate that the first case was discovered by this disease was a European doctor in the nineteenth century, called the disease name: leukemia, also called The name Leukemia is Greek. It is composed of two Greek words, leukos, white, haima and blood. The sum of these two words means leukemia.
Blood cancer begins with bone marrow injury. It is the tissue found in most of the body's bones. It is the place where different blood cells are made, such as white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. In the case of leukemia, the bone marrow begins to produce large numbers of abnormal white blood cells called cancer cells. These cells do not function normally, grow rapidly, and do not stop growing when necessary. Over time, cancer cells begin to compete with normal white blood cells, and this can lead to serious complications such as anemia, bleeding, and frequent infections. Cancer cells can also spread to contract lymph nodes or neighboring organs, causing pain and swelling.
There are several types of leukemia, which are divided according to the speed of development of the disease, and according to the type of cells that make up, so the species:

• Acute lymphocytic leukemia: It is the most common type in children, and may also affect adults.
• Acute myeloid leukemia: a common type of leukemia, affects children and adults and is considered the most common species in adults.
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: It is the most common chronic type, and it is possible that the patient will feel good for years without any treatment.
•  Chronic myeloid leukemia: This type affects adults mainly, and may not feel any symptoms for months or years before entering a stage where the growth of cancer cells very quickly. It refers to the lymphoid type; it affects the tissue or lymphocytes that form the immune system, the spinal cord infects the spinal cells that produce red and white blood cells and platelet cells.

Factors that increase the chance of leukemia :

There are several factors that may increase the chance of getting a type of leukemia.

• Treatment for previous cancer: People who have undergone certain types of chemotherapy or radiotherapy to treat another cancer are more likely than others to develop certain types of leukemia. 

• Genetic imbalances: The presence of these imbalances may play an important role in the incidence of leukemia, most notably Down syndrome.

• Exposure to certain chemicals: Exposure to certain types of chemicals, such as gasoline, found in fuel and used in several industries, is associated with an increased incidence of several types of leukemia.

• Smoking: Cigarette smoking increases the chance of acute myeloid leukemia. A family history of leukemia.

Symptoms of leukemia :

Symptoms of leukemia differ from one type to another, but there are common symptoms, including:
Fatigue and general fatigue:

• Because of the low number of red blood cells and platelets.
• High temperature.
• Bleeding from the nose, gums or anus, as well as frequent bruising on the body, and severe menstrual bleeding.
• There are bulges in the glands in the neck, armpit or thigh.
• Shortness of breath.
• Pain in the joints, muscles, and bones.
• Fever and night sweats.
• Frequent and serious infections occur.
• Loss of appetite and weight.

 Diagnosis of leukemia Blood cancer is diagnosed by following several steps, the most important of which are:

• Clinical examination: where the physical signs of leukemia are examined; skin fleas due to anemia, swollen lymph nodes in various parts of the body, or enlargement of the liver and spleen.

• Blood test: This test shows any abnormalities in the number of white blood cells or platelets, which raises suspicion of leukemia.

• Bone marrow examination: This is done by taking a biopsy from the bone marrow (usually pelvic bone) mediated by a long needle and a thin, looking at the sample of cancer cells and is conducted several specialized tests to know the specific characteristics of these cells to help determine the type of treatment. Treatment of leukemia

Determining the type of treatment for leukemia depends on several factors, such as the age of the patient, his general state of health, the type of cancer he has suffered and also depends on the spread of the disease elsewhere. Common types of leukemia are as follows:

• Chemotherapy: It is considered the most important form of treatment of leukemia, using chemical compounds to kill cancer cells. Depending on the type of cancer, the patient is given either one type of medication or compound medicines and is in the form of tablets taken orally or intravenous injection.
• Bio-therapy: This type aims to help the body's immune system to identify and attack cancer cells.
• Guided treatment: It uses drugs that attack specific weaknesses of cancer cells. For example, Imatinip inhibits the action of a specific protein within cancer cells in chronic myeloid leukemia, which helps control the disease.

• Radiotherapy: X-rays and other high-energy radiation are used to destroy cancer cells and stop their growth. Stem cell therapy is a process in which bone marrow is replaced by a healthy one. Before undergoing this treatment, patients receive large doses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy to destroy the infected bone marrow, and the patient is then transferred to stem cells to rebuild the bone marrow.